GraphQL/Batching and Caching

GraphQL makes it easy to request deeply nested data, but that flexibility can create a performance problem called the N+1 query problem. For example, loading 100 users and then fetching each user's posts separately can result in a large number of database requests.

Batching tools such as DataLoader can combine many individual requests into a smaller number of operations and cache repeated lookups during a request. Caching can also reduce expensive work, but it needs careful invalidation so clients do not receive stale data.